Optical Coherence Tomography

Optical Coherence Tomography, or OCT, is a laser-based, noncontact, noninvasive imaging technique that is capable of obtaining high resolution images of the retina and its components.

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OCT is analogous to ultrasound imaging except that light rather than sound waves are used, resulting in a much higher resolution of approximately 10µm in the retina. OCT provides direct, real-time, cross-sectional images of retinal tissue layers, allowing improved resolution and diagnostic capabilities of a variety of eye diseases.

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NFL: Nerve Fiber Layer RPE: Retinal Pigment Epithelium
ILM: Inner Limiting Membrane CC: Choriocapillaris
GCL: Ganglion Cell Layer IPL: Inner Plexiform Layer
IS/IOS: Inner & Outer Photoreceptor Segment Junction OPL: Outer Plexiform Layer

OCT has been shown to be clinically useful for imaging and directly visualizing selected macular diseases including macular holes, macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, central serous chorioretinopathy, epiretinal membranes, schisis cavities associated with optic disc pits, and retinal inflammatory diseases.

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Analysis of diabetic macular edema reveals thickening of the neurosensory retina with nonreflective cystic spaces visible in the fovea. Macular thickness is quantified; intraretinal or subretinal fluid accumulation can be monitored after treatment.
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A macular hole can be detected even when otherwise unseen. Quantitative information aids in staging and in evaluating surgical intervention.
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In age-related macular degeneration, geographic atrophy and other pathologic changes can be directly viewed. Measurements of retinal thickness provide an objective means of monitoring edema and subretinal fluid.